Hygrophila pinnatifida is a popular aquatic plant often used in freshwater aquariums. It belongs to the family Acanthaceae and is native to Southeast Asia, particularly in India and Sri Lanka. Here’s a description of its key features:

1. Appearance:

   • Leaves: The plant has distinct, pinnate (feather-like) leaves, which are its most recognizable feature. The leaves are deeply divided and can have a jagged or serrated edge. The color of the leaves varies from green to reddish-brown, depending on factors like light intensity and nutrient availability.
   • Stems: It has sturdy stems that are often reddish or brownish in color.
   • Growth Pattern: Hygrophila pinnatifida grows upright, and the stems can reach up to 12–24 inches (30–60 cm) in height in a typical aquarium setup.

2. Care Requirements:

   • Light: It prefers moderate to high light levels to encourage optimal growth and color. In lower light conditions, the plant may grow slower and its colors can become less vibrant.
   • Water Conditions: Hygrophila pinnatifida thrives in a temperature range of 72–82°F (22–28°C) and does well in soft to moderately hard water with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5.
   • Substrate: It grows best when planted in nutrient-rich substrate, but it can also be grown in a floating position if necessary.

3. Propagation:

   • This plant propagates easily through stem cuttings. Simply trim a healthy portion of the stem and replant it, and it will grow roots and start developing into a new plant.

4. Aquarium Use:

   • Hygrophila pinnatifida is a versatile plant that works well as a background or midground plant in aquascaping. Its unique leaf structure and color make it an attractive addition to any aquascape.
   • It’s also a great plant for adding texture and variety in planted tanks, with its pinnate leaves contrasting nicely with round-leafed plants.

5. Compatibility:

   • Hygrophila pinnatifida is generally peaceful and will not harm fish. However, in a tank with fast-moving or herbivorous fish, it may be nibbled on. It’s also sensitive to certain herbicides in water, so care should be taken if other plants are treated with chemicals.

This plant is highly valued by aquarium enthusiasts for its striking appearance and relatively easy care.